Offshorepipelinesareusedforoilandgastransportworld-wide.Dependingonapplication,pipelinescanbeclassifiedinto:(1)Exportpipelines,largediameterlinesforexportingprocessedoilandgasfromtheoffshoreinstallationtotheonshoreprocessingplantortothemarket;(2)Flowlines...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    Fromtheaboveitisclearthatthepipelinedesignprocessisamulti-disciplinaryprocessthatrequiresavarietyofengineeringskillsandknowledgeincluding:(1)Thermodynamicsandreservoirtechnology;(2)Materialtechnology;(3)Cartography;(4)Geotechnics;(5)Coastalengineering;(6)...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    Thesteelpipelineengineeringprocessisnormallydividedintothreephases:(1)Conceptualengineering;(2)Pre-engineering;(3)Detailengineering.Theprimaryobjectivesoftheconceptualengineeringphaseistoinvestigatetechnicalfeasibility,identifyconstraintsthatneedfurtherin...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    Withreferenceto(API,2008a),designofflexiblepipesisalsocarriedoutinstages:(1)MaterialselectionconsideringthetemperatureandchemicalconditionsintermsofpH(sweetorsourservice);(2)Cross-sectionconfigurationdesignbasedonwhattobetransported(gas,oil,water)andatwhi...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    Inthefollowing,thedesignprinciplesappliedforpipelinesandnon-bondedflexiblepipesarediscussed.Thisincludesdefinitionofbasicconceptssuchas:(1)Characteristicloadconditionsandassociatedloadeffects;(2)Definitionoflimitstatesasbasisfordesignduringrelevantloadcon...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    Inrelevantstandardsforpipelinedesigntherearetwodifferentdesignprinciplesinuse:(1)LoadFactoredResistanceDesign(LRFD);(2)AllowableStressDesign(ASD).TheLRFDdesignprincipleisappliedinthepipelinestandardDNV-OS-F101(DNV,2012),whereasASDwasappliedinthepreviousDN...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    Servingasanexampletodiscussrelevantloadsforslenderstructureswithonesectionrestingontheseabedandanotherhangingintothesea,Figure2.5showsapipelinewhichisinstalledbytheS-laymethod.Thepipeisemptyandhasasubmergedweightperlengthofpipewswithanassociateddryweightp...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    Thepipelineincludingtherisersectionsmustbedesignedtoensurerobustandsafeoperationthroughoutitslifetime.Thisincludesavoidingflowfailurebywaxblocking(typicallyduetohydrocarbonscloggingtothepipewallinoilpipelines)orhydrateformation(typicallyforflowlineswithun...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    Flexiblepipesarenormallyusedforflexiblerisersorflowlines.Theflexiblepipeisacomplexstructurewhereeachlayerhavedifferentfailuremodes.Thecombineduseofsteelandthermoplasticsintroducesmaterialcompatibilityissues.Thisisespeciallythecaseforhightemperatureandpres...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    Aprimarydesignrequirementforsteelpipelinesandflexiblepipesisthattheymustcarrytheproducttobetransported,i.e.tosustaintheinternalpressure.Hence,theselectionofcross-sectiondesignintermsofwallthicknessanddimensionofarmourlayersisnormallygovernedbythestressint...[繼續(xù)閱讀]