TothePeopleoftheStateofNewYork:INDISQUISITIONSofeverykindtherearecertainprimarytruths,orfirstprinciples,uponwhichallsubsequentreasoningsmustdepend.Thesecontainaninternalevidencewhich,antecedenttoallreflectionorcombination,commandstheassentofthemind.Wherei...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    TothePeopleoftheStateofNewYork:ALTHOUGHIamofopinionthattherewouldbenorealdangeroftheconsequenceswhichseemtobeapprehendedtotheStategovernmentsfromapowerintheUniontocontrolthemintheleviesofmoney,becauseIampersuadedthatthesenseofthepeople,theextremehazardofp...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    TothePeopleoftheStateofNewYork:THEresidueoftheargumentagainsttheprovisionsoftheConstitutioninrespecttotaxationisingrafteduponthefollowingclause.Thelastclauseoftheeighthsectionofthefirstarticleauthorizesthenationallegislature“tomakealllawswhichshallbeneces...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    TothePeopleoftheStateofNewYork:IFLATTERmyselfithasbeenclearlyshowninmylastnumberthattheparticularStates,undertheproposedConstitution,wouldhaveCOEQUALauthoritywiththeUnioninthearticleofrevenue,exceptastodutiesonimports.AsthisleavesopentotheStatesfarthegrea...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    TothePeopleoftheStateofNewYork:BEFOREweproceedtoexamineanyotherobjectionstoanindefinitepoweroftaxationintheUnion,Ishallmakeonegeneralremark;whichisthatifthejurisdictionofthenationalgovernmentinthearticleofrevenueshouldberestrictedtoparticularobjects,itwou...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    TothePeopleoftheStateofNewYork:WEHAVEseenthattheresultoftheobservationstowhichtheforegoingnumberhasbeenprincipallydevotedisthatfromthenaturaloperationofthedifferentinterestsandviewsofthevariousclassesofthecommunity,whethertherepresentationofthepeoplebemor...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    TothePeopleoftheStateofNewYork:INREVIEWINGthedefectsoftheexistingConfederation,andshowingthattheycannotbesuppliedbyagovernmentoflessenergythanthatbeforethepublic,severalofthemostimportantprinciplesofthelatterfellofcourseunderconsideration.Butastheultimate...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    TothePeopleoftheStateofNewYork:ITISnotalittleremarkablethatineverycasereportedbyancienthistoryinwhichgovernmenthasbeenestablishedwithdeliberationandconsent,thetaskofframingithasnotbeencommittedtoanassemblyofmen,buthasbeenperformedbysomeindividualcitizenof...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    TothePeopleoftheStateofNewYork:THElastpaperhavingconcludedtheobservationswhichweremeanttointroduceacandidsurveyoftheplanofgovernmentreportedbytheconvention,wenowproceedtotheexecutionofthatpartofourundertaking.Thefirstquestionthatoffersitselfiswhetherthege...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    TothePeopleoftheStateofNewYork:THESECONDpointtobeexaminediswhethertheconventionwereauthorizedtoframeandproposethismixedConstitution.Thepowersoftheconventionought,instrictness,tobedeterminedbyaninspectionofthecommissionsgiventothemembersbytheirrespectiveco...[繼續(xù)閱讀]