從“英雄人物”到“優(yōu)秀組織”——組織情境下基?！疤荽芜f進(jìn)”式形成過(guò)程的案例研究

摘要： 基模是組織中穩(wěn)定存續(xù)的核心認(rèn)知結(jié)構(gòu),凝聚著組織共有的知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)和一致的信念結(jié)構(gòu),對(duì)組織行為具有根本性影響。然而,關(guān)于基模形成的"泛化"和"固化"機(jī)理,已有研究仍存在理論缺口。根據(jù)基模的基礎(chǔ)理論,本文在一手?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ)上通過(guò)案例研究發(fā)現(xiàn):在關(guān)鍵個(gè)體驅(qū)動(dòng)下,基模從"個(gè)體具有"發(fā)展到"群體共享";在組織統(tǒng)一推動(dòng)下,基模從"群體共享"發(fā)展到"組織共有",從而實(shí)現(xiàn)了基模的逐級(jí)"泛化";無(wú)論個(gè)體、群體還是組織基模,都依次經(jīng)歷了感知、學(xué)習(xí)和記憶的關(guān)鍵步驟,從而完成了基模的逐層"固化";總體上,基模呈現(xiàn)"梯次遞進(jìn)"式形成過(guò)程。本文在理論上細(xì)化并完善了基模形成機(jī)理,刻畫(huà)出基模"Z"形形成路徑,為基模理論補(bǔ)強(qiáng)了經(jīng)驗(yàn)證據(jù);在實(shí)踐上為企業(yè)文化建設(shè)等提供啟示。
The Schema is the core cognitive structure which exists in the organization in long-term. It embodies the shared knowledge structure and consistent belief structure of the organization,and has a fundamental impact on organizational behavior. However,there are still research gaps in the existing studies on the "generalization"and "solidification"mechanisms of the Schema formation. Based on Schema theories,Organizational Learning and other related theories,through case studies,this paper finds that from "individual possess"to "group share",Schema is driven by key individuals; under the unified promotion of the organization,the Schema develops from"group share"to"organization own",thus achieving the Schema"generalization"; individuals,groups and organizations all experience3 key steps: perception,learning and memory,which help them achieve the Schema "solidification"; overall,the Schema presents a"step progression"formation mechanisms. The research theoretically refines the Schema formation mechanisms,portrays the Schema"Z"curve formation path,extends the Schema to the organizational complex task context,reinforces empirical evidence for the Schema theory and provides inspiration for cultural development in practice.