資源、制度與情境:現(xiàn)代社會中時間意涵的理論流變

摘要： 社會學(xué)理論對時間意涵和路徑的分析與解讀一直存在著多維性,尤其是隨著現(xiàn)代社會生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展與社會文化結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)型而發(fā)生著相應(yīng)的變化。在現(xiàn)代社會,工業(yè)資本主義的興起將時間資源化,時間被客體化為生產(chǎn)和利用的對象。與此同時,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化了的時間正逐漸脫離其單純的計量意義而成為一種社會制度的安排和社會的建構(gòu)物。在時間體系日益復(fù)雜的現(xiàn)代社會,社會的時間體系由一種具有相對固定邊界的剛性制度變得日益情境化和靈活化,行動者在日常生活世界中的反思性實踐過程和社會時間結(jié)構(gòu)成為一種互構(gòu)的連續(xù)統(tǒng),時間的單一制度意義逐漸被消解并代之為更為豐富和靈活的情境意義。
Sociological theories have multidimensional perspectives in analyzing and understanding the meanings and paths of time especially in the context of the development of productivity and structural transformations in modern society. The rising industrial capitalism treated time as resources with time objectified as the object of production and utilization. At the same time, the standardization of time gradually broke away from its pure measurement significance and became a social arrangement and construction of the society. With temporal system becomes increasingly complicated nowadays, the once rigid institution of social time with relatively fixed boundary, becomes increasingly contextualized and more flexible than before. The reflective practice of actors in the everyday life world and the structure of social time become a continuum. As a result, the unitary institutional meaning of time has been gradually dissolving and it will be replaced by more complex and more flexible contextual interpretations.