當(dāng)西方遇見(jiàn)東方：東方管理理論研究綜述

摘要： "東方管理"概念自提出以來(lái),其存在的合法性一直遭受質(zhì)疑。本文對(duì)東方管理理論進(jìn)行了梳理,系統(tǒng)闡述其定義、研究邊界、研究方法及傳統(tǒng)文化與東方管理的關(guān)系,發(fā)現(xiàn)東方管理思想符合現(xiàn)代企業(yè)的發(fā)展規(guī)律,表現(xiàn)出時(shí)代性和先進(jìn)性,與西方管理有著較為明顯的差異。東方管理研究方法從早期人文主義研究向科學(xué)實(shí)證主義發(fā)展,研究?jī)?nèi)容多元化,取得了一定的成績(jī)。但目前還未形成完整的理論體系,范式和方法論的發(fā)展沒(méi)有取得重要突破,對(duì)國(guó)際核心管理理論影響較弱。未來(lái)研究應(yīng)立足于東方社會(huì)文化情境,分析東西方管理理論的異同,探尋東方文化背景下管理理論和企業(yè)實(shí)踐規(guī)律,建構(gòu)東方管理理論體系。
The emergence of the Western Scientific Management theory brings new possibilities and opportunities for enterprise, it plays a very important role in improving management level and operating efficiency. Since "Western Management" is deeply popular and impressive over the world, the concept of "Oriental Management" has been criticized and questioned since it was put forward. Based on this issue, this paper aims to systematically combs the history of the Oriental Management theory and conducts in-depth analysis, concept, theory boundary, research method and cultural origin are elaborated to demonstrate the legitimacy and necessity of the Oriental Management theory.Origin, Boundary and Methodology In early 1970 s, the wisdom and experiences of eastern management have been widely explored and appreciated by scholars at home and abroad. The rise of the concept of "Oriental Management" means that the research about eastern management practice and ideas began to enter a new stage of school development and system construction. Based on the previous literature, this paper believes that Oriental Management is rooted in the eastern culture and essence of eastern management ideas and refined to form a set of theoretical system. The research boundary of Oriental Management should be an area based on oriental culture and wisdom that can explain management issues and provide effective suggestions for management practices. From the perspective of methodology, the research methods of Oriental Management have developed from humanism to scientific positivism, and both qualitative research and empirical research are used, showing the feature of scientificity and diversity.Culture and Oriental Management Through the in-depth analysis of cultural differences, it is found that the eastern management ideas which come from eastern culture and philosophy, attaches great importance to ethics and morality,emphasizes balance and unity, and presents the characteristics of integrity and harmony which are obviously different from Western Management.The quintessence of Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, Mohism and military thought of Sun Tzu in ancient China deeply influenced the values and behavior mode of eastern society, provided good reference for theory and practice of Oriental Management. At the same time, it is showed that the ideas of Oriental Management conform to the rule and tendency of modern enterprise development. The Oriental Management theory has distinguished itself from the Western in timeness and practicality.Therefore, the legitimacy of Oriental Management is reasonable and incontrovertible.Future Directions Since 1970 s, Oriental Management researchers have made some achievements in theory construction, discipline development and talent cultivation. However, Oriental Management research is still in the initial stage, the theoretical system has not been completely constructed, and there is little important breakthrough in paradigm and methodology. All the above shortages make Oriental Management have a weak impact on the international core management theory. Therefore, this paper suggests that future research in the Oriental Management field should be based on the eastern social and cultural situation, the similarities and differences between Oriental and Western Management theories should be analyzed, the theory and practice rules under the eastern culture should be explored, and an integrated theoretical system should be constructed.