幼兒生命教育的實(shí)踐邏輯——基于一所華德福幼兒園的個(gè)案考察

摘要： 隨著生命教育被納入國(guó)家教育戰(zhàn)略,在幼兒園有效推進(jìn)生命教育成為一個(gè)重要的教育課題。對(duì)一所華德福幼兒園的個(gè)案調(diào)查顯示,其生命教育主要體現(xiàn)于五大方面:以人智學(xué)理論為依據(jù)確立幼兒教育指導(dǎo)思想;以"親生命性"為主要原則創(chuàng)設(shè)幼兒園環(huán)境;以一日生活為主陣地滲透生命教育;以自主玩耍為重要"課程"滋養(yǎng)"生命覺(jué)"與生命力;以生物活力農(nóng)耕為特色專題活動(dòng)開展生命教育。通過(guò)對(duì)華德福幼兒生命教育實(shí)踐的分析,認(rèn)為幼兒生命教育的實(shí)踐邏輯是:以樹立明確的生命教育指導(dǎo)思想為起點(diǎn);以生命作為最重要的生命教育資源;以拓展生命體驗(yàn)為幼兒生命教育的核心;以滲透式教育與專題教育相結(jié)合為實(shí)施方式。
As life education has been incorporated into the national education strategy,how to effectively implement life education in kindergartens has become an important educational topic. A case study of a Waldorf kindergarten shows that its life education is mainly embodied in five aspects: taking anthroposophy as the guiding ideology of preschool education,setting up a pro-life environment,infiltrating life education into the daily life process of kindergarten,nourishing the sense of life and the inner force of life through independent game activities,and taking biodynamic farming as the special activities of life education. On the basis of theoretical analysis and experience extraction,a practical logic of life education for kindergarten children is put forward: to establish a specific guiding ideology of life education,to develop life as the most important resource of life education,to expand life experience as the core of children's life education,to implement life education by means of the combination of infiltration education and special education as the implementation mode.