普惠性學(xué)前教育的內(nèi)涵辨析與發(fā)展路徑創(chuàng)新

摘要： 全面建設(shè)普惠性學(xué)前教育公共服務(wù)體系是我國近中期關(guān)于學(xué)前教育事業(yè)的重要戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃和部署,但是對于"何謂普惠性學(xué)前教育",目前人們的認(rèn)識還未完全統(tǒng)一,由政府政策、學(xué)術(shù)研究、社會公眾表達(dá)的三種話語形態(tài)對"何謂普惠性學(xué)前教育"的解讀存在較大分歧,影響了各地普惠性學(xué)前教育公共服務(wù)體系的建設(shè)。基于教育公平的價(jià)值追求,普惠性學(xué)前教育應(yīng)當(dāng)包括"付得起""達(dá)得到""配得齊""顧得廣""適得度"五個(gè)方面的內(nèi)涵,其中"付得起"指對于不同收入群體來說收費(fèi)合理,可以接受;"達(dá)得到"指家庭可以較低的交通成本通過便捷的交通方式把幼兒從居所送到園所;"配得齊"指幼兒園配備的設(shè)施數(shù)量與質(zhì)量有保證;"顧得廣"指面向所有兒童,實(shí)現(xiàn)"廣覆蓋";"適得度"指堅(jiān)持"適度普惠"的基本原則,分層次、有重點(diǎn)地推進(jìn)普惠性學(xué)前教育公共服務(wù)體系建設(shè)。從此內(nèi)涵出發(fā),除了要堅(jiān)持大力扶持、興辦公辦性質(zhì)幼兒園的傳統(tǒng)路徑之外,各地在建設(shè)普惠性學(xué)前教育公共服務(wù)體系的過程中還應(yīng)創(chuàng)新發(fā)展路徑,強(qiáng)調(diào)"特惠先行"的著力方向,積極設(shè)立面向貧困家庭、弱勢家庭的中國版"開端計(jì)劃",落實(shí)"強(qiáng)在起點(diǎn)"的教育強(qiáng)國夢。
The comprehensive construction of generally beneficial preschool education is an important strategic plan and deployment of national preschool education in the near and medium term. What is generally beneficial? Policy level,academic level and practice level have different emphasis dimensions or perspectives.These differences obviously affect how to promote the construction of generally beneficial preschool education service system. Based on the perspective of education equity,we propose that the understanding of generally beneficial preschool education must be clarified from five perspectives:affordability,accessibility,assorting,all,and appropriateness. Meantime,we need to make"preferential"first."Preferential"is a practical activity to truly " adhere to people-centered ". How to realize the public service system of inclusive preschool education through path innovation? First,we need to rely on traditional ways,that is,vigorously support and set up public kindergartens,so that the number of public kindergartens can be restored. The second is path innovation,that is,to actively set up Chinese "Head Start"for poor families,disadvantaged families,especially those in poverty-stricken areas, and to implement the " Head Start " dream of a strong education country.