國(guó)際托幼機(jī)構(gòu)質(zhì)量評(píng)估的價(jià)值取向與啟示——基于六國(guó)評(píng)估指標(biāo)體系的可視化圖譜分析

摘要： 為切實(shí)促進(jìn)學(xué)前教育質(zhì)量提升,國(guó)際社會(huì)愈加重視托幼機(jī)構(gòu)的質(zhì)量評(píng)估。采用共詞分析法對(duì)美國(guó)等六個(gè)國(guó)家的托幼機(jī)構(gòu)質(zhì)量評(píng)估指標(biāo)體系進(jìn)行可視化圖譜分析發(fā)現(xiàn),在價(jià)值取向上,當(dāng)前國(guó)際社會(huì)呈現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)化評(píng)估的引導(dǎo)性以服務(wù)于多元主體;積極引入第三方評(píng)估以保證中立性和客觀性;構(gòu)建全國(guó)統(tǒng)一的質(zhì)量認(rèn)證體系以加強(qiáng)評(píng)估過程的規(guī)范化與科學(xué)性;強(qiáng)調(diào)促進(jìn)兒童發(fā)展以及各評(píng)估要素的相互作用與聯(lián)系等基本價(jià)值取向。在評(píng)估的核心指標(biāo)上主要聚焦與家庭和社區(qū)的關(guān)系、托幼機(jī)構(gòu)管理與教師素養(yǎng)、課程與教學(xué)、安全與衛(wèi)生四大核心維度。我國(guó)應(yīng)盡快推動(dòng)建立國(guó)家層面的托幼機(jī)構(gòu)質(zhì)量評(píng)估體系,促進(jìn)各類機(jī)構(gòu)規(guī)范發(fā)展;加快推進(jìn)管辦評(píng)分離,積極引入第三方評(píng)估;以促進(jìn)發(fā)展為導(dǎo)向,加強(qiáng)評(píng)估結(jié)果的運(yùn)用并服務(wù)于多元主體;關(guān)注過程性和結(jié)果性評(píng)估指標(biāo),完善托幼機(jī)構(gòu)質(zhì)量評(píng)估標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
To improve the quality of preschool education,the international community is increasing attention to the quality assessment of child care institutions. This study,by making a co-word analysis to visualize the quality assessment indicator system of child care institutions in the United States and other five countries,finds the following:In terms of value orientations,the current international community tends to direct the assessment to serve multi-stakeholders;actively introduces third-party assessors to ensure neutral and objective assessment;builds a unified quality certification system nationwide to intensify the standardized and scientific process of assessment;and emphasizes the promotion of child development and the connections between the elements for assessment;in terms of the core indicators of quality assessment,these countries focus on such dimensions as the relationship between the family and the community,child care institution management and teachers' professional quality,the curriculum and teaching,and safety and hygiene. In conclusion,the authors suggest establishing the national-level system for the quality assessment of child care institutions to promote the standardized development of various child care institutions;accelerating the separation of supervision,operation and assessment,and actively introducing third-party assessors;promoting development-oriented assessment,and using more assessment results in multi-stakeholders;and focusing on procedural and outcome-based assessment indicators to improve the quality assessment standards for child care institutions.