張瑞敏的水式管理哲學及其理論體系

摘要： 本文在對管理研究進行元理論省視的基礎上,借鑒道家管理哲學智慧,系統(tǒng)分析張瑞敏在海爾的管理創(chuàng)新實踐,與西方管理理論和哲學思維對話,建構了張瑞敏的水式管理哲學及其理論體系。該理論是由本體論、認識論和方法論構成的管理哲學體系,其核心范疇分別是"上善若水"、"大制不割"和"變易、不易、簡易"。圍繞其方法論形成動態(tài)變革力、共演自驅力和整合轉化力三種組織能力,分別對應靈動與無界、自由與開放、連接與系統(tǒng)三類管理思維。在海爾管理實踐中,張瑞敏的水式管理哲學貫穿于戰(zhàn)略變革、組織結構、員工管理、商業(yè)模式和心智模式等各個層面,是海爾"人單合一"管理體系得以成功運行的哲學基礎和主導邏輯。本文是在思維方式層面對西方管理哲學的突破性創(chuàng)新,對中國管理哲學的延續(xù)性發(fā)展和對中國本土管理理論的融合性創(chuàng)新,有助于提升本土管理研究的實踐效力,對物聯(lián)網時代的企業(yè)改善經營管理水平具有重要指導價值。
Changes in the Internet of Things era bring major opportunities and challenges to Chinese local management research and enterprise practice. Based on the meta-theoretical view of management research, this paper emphasizes on the wisdom of Taoist management philosophy,systematically analyzes Ruimin Zhang's management innovation practice in Haier, dialogues with Western management theory and philosophizing, and constructs Ruimin Zhang's water management philosophy and its theoretical system. The theory is a system of management philosophy consisting of ontology, epistemology and methodology, and its core categories are "loftiness as water", "system is uncut" and "change, constant, simple". Focusing on its methodology, it forms three organizational abilities: dynamic transformation ability, coevolution self-drive ability, integrated transformation ability,which correspond to three types of management thinking: "agility and unboundedness", "freedom and openness", "connection and system". During the period of Haier's management practice, Ruimin Zhang's water management philosophy runs through various layers of strategic changes, organizational structures, employee management, business models and mental models. It's the philosophical foundation and main logic for the success of Haier's "Rendanheyi" management system. This paper is a breakthrough innovation in Western management philosophy at the level of thinking, the continuous development of Chinese management philosophy and the integrated innovation of Chinese local management theory. which helps to enhance the practical effectiveness of local management researches.This paper has important guiding value of improving the business management level of enterprises in the Internet of Things era.