中國(guó)學(xué)前教育指標(biāo)體系的理論構(gòu)想與適用性考察

摘要： 構(gòu)建具有本土立場(chǎng)和國(guó)際視野、能夠系統(tǒng)引領(lǐng)和科學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)我國(guó)學(xué)前教育事業(yè)發(fā)展的中國(guó)學(xué)前教育指標(biāo)體系已成為亟待解決的重大問題。以在國(guó)際上具有普遍影響的CIPP評(píng)價(jià)模型為理論框架,對(duì)經(jīng)合組織、聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織、美國(guó)、英國(guó)等主要國(guó)際組織和國(guó)家的學(xué)前教育指標(biāo)體系進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)描述、解釋、并置和比較等研究之后,提出中國(guó)學(xué)前教育指標(biāo)體系的理論構(gòu)想——包括背景、投入、過程和結(jié)果4個(gè)維度,涵蓋人口特征、社會(huì)福利、管理體制、資源配置、課程活動(dòng)、園所管理、教師隊(duì)伍、家庭支持、教育普及和兒童發(fā)展10個(gè)一級(jí)指標(biāo)及其下位的63個(gè)二級(jí)指標(biāo)。研究所提出的中國(guó)學(xué)前教育指標(biāo)體系理論構(gòu)想,可以為我國(guó)準(zhǔn)確設(shè)定學(xué)前教育發(fā)展目標(biāo)提供價(jià)值性工具支持,為全面了解學(xué)前教育發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀提供結(jié)構(gòu)性工具支持,為科學(xué)開展學(xué)前教育督導(dǎo)評(píng)估提供方法性工具支持,為廣泛開展學(xué)前教育國(guó)際交流合作提供普適性工具支持。
It is an urgent and significant issue to build China's preschool education indicator system,which is expected to have both local and international horizons,and be able to be used to systematically guide and scientifically evaluate China's preschool education. This study,based on the internationally popular CIPP evaluation model,described,explained,juxtaposed,and compared the preschool education indicator systems from the OECD,the UNESCO,the US,the UK,and other major international organizations and countries. The authors propose a theoretical framework for China's preschool education indicator system,which includes such dimensions as background,input,process and output,10 first-level indicators(demographic characteristics,social welfare,the management system,resource allocation, curricular activities, kindergarten management, the teaching force, family support, the popularization of education,and child development),and 63 second-level indicators. In conclusion,the authors propose the future application of the theoretical framework by offering a value-oriented tool for the establishment of the goal for China's development of preschool education,a structural tool for a complete understanding of the current situation of China's preschool education,a methodological tool for the scientific supervision and evaluation of China's preschool education,and a universal tool for China's international exchanges and cooperation in the field of preschool education.