住戶無償服務(wù)生產(chǎn)時間分配差異及其影響因素研究——基于時間利用調(diào)查微觀數(shù)據(jù)的經(jīng)驗分析

摘要： 住戶無償服務(wù)核算作為完善現(xiàn)有國民經(jīng)濟核算體系的重要組成部分,日益受到國內(nèi)外學(xué)者的關(guān)注和研究。基于已有的研究成果,以SNA2008作為理論指導(dǎo),從時間投入的視角,利用住戶時間調(diào)查微觀數(shù)據(jù)對住戶無償服務(wù)時間分配差異進行研究,并運用Tobit回歸模型實證分析了影響住戶無償服務(wù)時間分配的性別、年齡、教育程度等因素。研究結(jié)果表明:性別因素影響顯著,女性住戶成員是家務(wù)勞動和照料小孩活動的主要承擔(dān)者;住戶成員的教育程度對其分配于照料小孩的時間具有明顯的正向效應(yīng),受教育程度越高,住戶成員照料小孩的時間越長。此外,本文還發(fā)現(xiàn)家庭中最小孩子的年齡越小,住戶成員照料小孩的時間越長,且對女性的邊際影響要明顯高于男性。
Household unpaid service accounting is an important part to improve the present national accounting system. Based on SNA2008, this paper uses the household survey data to analyze the household unpaid service time allocation difference from the per-spective of time input, and empirically tests the effect of sex, age, education and other factors on time allocation with a Tobit model. The results show that the effect of sex is statistically significant and household female members are mainly responsible for housework and childcare activities. Education level of household member has a significant positive effect on time allocation in childcare. Household members with younger child always allocate more time in childcare activities, and the paper also finds that the marginal effect of younger child on female members is larger than on male members.