消費者價格指數(shù)能反映生活成本嗎——基于城鎮(zhèn)各收入階層食品生活成本估計

摘要： 本文基于超級指數(shù)和可變偏好效用函數(shù)方法構建了1997—2011年中國城鎮(zhèn)各收入階層家庭食品消費生活成本指數(shù),并在此基礎上將各階層生活成本指數(shù)與其消費者價格指數(shù)進行對比,檢驗消費者價格指數(shù)對生活成本的反映能力。樣本期間內消費者價格指數(shù)與生活成本指數(shù)比較接近,可以較好地反映生活成本的變化?；诔壷笖?shù)方法的結果顯示,樣本期間內替代偏差與家庭收入負相關,與通貨膨脹正相關,而由于偏好改變所造成的偏差在絕對值水平上則與收入水平正相關。
Based on Superlative index and variable preference utility function methods,this paper constructs the food cost of living index(CLI)of Chinese urban residents of different income level from 1997 to 2011 and checks the accuracy when the consumer price index(CPI)is used to approximate the change in living cost.This paper finds that the difference between CPI and CLI is quite trivial empirically in the sample period,although it is significant theoretically.Furthermore,this paper finds that the substitution bias of CPI from CLI based on Superlative index is negatively related with family income,but positively related with inflation rate.The absolute level of the bias caused by preference variation is negatively related with family income.