APP
Prometheus http tcp 黑盒監(jiān)控 blackbox_exporter
Blackbox_exporter
blackbox_exporter 是 Prometheus 拿來對 http/https、tcp、icmp、dns、進(jìn)行的黑盒監(jiān)控工具
什么是黑盒監(jiān)控？以下介紹是抄 zhangguanzhang 的 ??prometheus的黑盒監(jiān)控??
常規(guī)的各種exporter都是和需要監(jiān)控的機(jī)器一起安裝的,如果需要監(jiān)控一些tcp端口和七層應(yīng)用層的狀態(tài)呢,這個時候就需要黑盒監(jiān)控了,不需要安裝在目標(biāo)機(jī)器上即可從外部去監(jiān)控。
安裝
二進(jìn)制安裝
wget https://github.com/prometheus/blackbox_exporter/releases/download/v0.16.0/blackbox_exporter-0.16.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar zxvf blackbox_exporter-0.16.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd blackbox_exporter-0.16.0.linux-amd64
./blackbox_exporter <flags>
blackbox_exporter 有用的參數(shù)大概是如下幾個
# ./blackbox_exporter --help
usage: blackbox_exporter [<flags>]
Flags:
-h, --help Show context-sensitive help (also try --help-long and --help-man).
--config.file="blackbox.yml"
Blackbox exporter configuration file.
--web.listen-address=":9115"
The address to listen on for HTTP requests.
--log.level=info Only log messages with the given severity or above. One of: [debug, info, warn, error]
啟動
# 默認(rèn)端口為9115
nohup ./blackbox_exporter --config.file="blackbox.yml" &
docker安裝
由于 Prometheus 所有組件默認(rèn)時區(qū)都使用的 UTC ，所以推薦用 Docker 去運(yùn)行它
# 如果你不需要開 debug，請去掉最后的 --log.level=debug
docker run --rm -d -p 9115:9115 --name blackbox_exporter -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai:/etc/localtime:ro -v /data/prometheus/blackbox_exporter/blackbox.yml:/config/blackbox.yml prom/blackbox-exporter:master --config.file=/config/blackbox.yml --log.level=debug
blackbox.yml
# 官方默認(rèn)的配置文件
modules:
http_2xx:
prober: http
http_post_2xx:
prober: http
http:
method: POST
tcp_connect:
prober: tcp
pop3s_banner:
prober: tcp
tcp:
query_response:
- expect: "^+OK"
tls: true
tls_config:
insecure_skip_verify: false
ssh_banner:
prober: tcp
tcp:
query_response:
- expect: "^SSH-2.0-"
irc_banner:
prober: tcp
tcp:
query_response:
- send: "NICK prober"
- send: "USER prober prober prober :prober"
- expect: "PING :([^ ]+)"
send: "PONG ${1}"
- expect: "^:[^ ]+ 001"
icmp:
prober: icmp
配置
prometheus.yml
HTTP 配置
scrape_configs:
- job_name: 'blackbox'
metrics_path: /probe
params:
module: [http_2xx] # 模塊對應(yīng) blackbox.yml
static_configs:
- targets:
- http://baidu.com # http
- https://baidu.com # https
- http://xx.com:8080 # 8080端口的域名
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__address__]
target_label: __param_target
- source_labels: [__param_target]
target_label: instance
- target_label: __address__
replacement: 127.0.0.1:9115 # blackbox安裝在哪臺機(jī)器
TCP 配置
- job_name: blackbox_tcp
metrics_path: /probe
params:
module: [tcp_connect]
static_configs:
- targets:
- 192.168.1.2:280
- 192.168.1.2:7013
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__address__]
target_label: __param_target
- source_labels: [__param_target]
target_label: instance
- target_label: __address__
replacement: 192.168.1.99:9115 # Blackbox exporter.
重啟 Prometheus ，打開 targets ，即可看到。
想查看有哪些指標(biāo)，則點擊 Endpoint 下面的 URL 即可：
HTTP 比較值得關(guān)注的有如下幾項：
# 返回的 http 狀態(tài)碼
probe_http_status_code 200
# https 證書過期時間，默認(rèn)使用 unixtime
probe_ssl_earliest_cert_expiry 1.637745419e+09
# 如果探測成功則為 1，反之為 0
probe_success 1
告警規(guī)則
# 以下兩條二選一
groups:
- name: http
rules:
- alert: xxx域名解析失敗
expr: probe_success{instance="https://xx.com"} == 0
for: 1m
labels:
severity: "error"
annotations:
summary: "xxx域名解析失敗"
- alert: xxx域名解析失敗
expr: probe_http_status_code{instance="https://xx.com"} != 200
for: 5m
labels:
severity: "error"
annotations:
summary: "xxx域名解析失敗"
自定義模塊
有時可能對于某些 URL 需要帶參數(shù)，如 header、body 之類的，就需要自定義一個模塊，??官方例子??。
編輯 blackbox.yml
http_2xx_wxjj:
prober: http
timeout: 5s
http:
method: GET
headers:
Cookie: JSESSIONID=C123455dfdf
sid: 41c912344555-24rkjkffd
appid: 1221kj2h1k3hjk13hk
body: '{}'
編輯 Prometheus.yml
- job_name: 'blackbox_wxjl'
metrics_path: /probe
params:
module: [http_2xx_wxjj] # Look for a HTTP 200 response.
static_configs:
- targets:
- http://192.168.201.173:808/byxxxxx/41234456661f-4357c9?head=APP_GeList&user=%E9%BB%84%E5%AE%15
# Target to probe with http.
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__address__]
target_label: __param_target
- source_labels: [__param_target]
target_label: instance
- target_label: __address__
replacement: 172.18.11.154:9115 # The blackbox exporter's real hostname:port.
開啟 debug
當(dāng)你覺得自己設(shè)置沒錯，http 狀態(tài)碼卻返回不正確，想要調(diào)試一下，就需要打開debug。
- 啟動時指定 --log.level=debug
- targets 后面帶上 &debug=true，即 ??http://172.18.11.154:9115/probe?module=http_2xx_wxjj&target=http://192.168.201.173:808/byxxxxx/41234456661f-4357c9?head=APP_GeList&user=黃??&debug=true??
targets 開啟 debug 會比正常鏈接輸出更多信息
Module configuration:
prober: http
timeout: 5s
http:
ip_protocol_fallback: true
method: GET
headers:
Cookie: JSESSIONID=C123455dfdf
appid: 41c912344555-24rkjkffd
sid: 1221kj2h1k3hjk13hk
body: '{}'
tcp:
ip_protocol_fallback: true
icmp:
ip_protocol_fallback: true
dns:
ip_protocol_fallback: true
FAQ
需要安裝多少個 blackbox_exporter ？
理論上只安裝一個即可，在特別的網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境，比如政務(wù)云，和第三方對接的時候，只有幾臺機(jī)器開通了網(wǎng)絡(luò)，那就需要在那幾臺機(jī)器中的其中一臺部署 blackbox_exporter，同時 Prometheus.yml 里的 replacement 填上相應(yīng)的 ip
本文摘自 ：https://blog.51cto.com/u
